体外肺膜氧合在急性冠脉综合征介入治疗中的临床应用与分析

目的 总结及分析体外肺膜氧合（Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）在急性冠状动脉综合征（Acute coronary syndrome,ACS）介入治疗中的临床应用及评价预后。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月至2018年8月因ACS入院，并在ECMO辅助下行冠状动脉造影术的20例患者的临床资料。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析，计量资料以x±s表示，采用COX回归分析相关因素与患者生存时长的关系，并用OR值与相关因素与生存时间长短之间的关系强度，采用寿命表达计算总数的生存率和绘制生存曲线图。结果 20例ECMO支持下行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（Percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention，PCI）， 患者中16例成功置入冠状动脉支架，其年龄为43~76岁，平均年龄（61.4±9.1）岁，中位年龄为61岁；平均住院天数为（18.0±12.4）d；ECMO平均支持时间为（31.52±27.97）h，术后成功脱机16例（80%），生存出院16 例（80%），术后6个月生存率85.0%，平均住院时间为（18.0±12.4）d，术后并发症（OR=3.486，95%CI 1.266~9.599）、ECMO支持时间（OR=1.05，95%CI 1.010~1.106）、术后CK（OR=1.009，95%CI 1.001~1.017）是急性冠状动脉综合征ECMO辅助行PCI 预后的危险因素，其中死亡终点事件主要分布在术后30 d内，术后5例（71.4%）出现肺部感染，2例（28.6%）出现急性出血，1例（14.3%）出现心房颤动 ，1例（14.3%）出现肾功能不全、呼吸衰竭，给予CRRT及呼吸机辅助治疗，1例（14.3%）出现弥漫性血管内凝血，1例（14.3%）下肢缺血性坏疽。结论 ECMO辅助PCI为ACS提供了有效治疗方式，严格把握ECMO辅助时间对治疗危重症ACS远期预后有着重要的意义。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病与缺血性脑卒中相关性研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)和缺血性脑卒中是动脉粥样硬化性疾病中最主要的2种疾病,二者可以单独或合并发生,是引起死亡和功能缺陷的重要病因。2种疾病存在一些共同的危险因素,在疾病发生上有一定的联系。明确二者之间的相关性有助于动脉粥样硬化性疾病的预防及治疗,减轻疾病不良预后引起的负担,提高国民生存质量。目前有诸多研究致力于探究二者在发病机制、疾病进展、预后以及影像学表现上的关联,其中某些研究结果之间存在差异。现将相关最新研究结果综述如下。     

Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With STEMI Treated With Fibrinolysis: TREAT Trial

BackgroundThe efficacy of ticagrelor in the long-term post–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with fibrinolytic therapy remains uncertain.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ticagrelor when compared with clopidogrel in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy.MethodsThis international, multicenter, randomized, open-label with blinded endpoint adjudication trial enrolled 3,799 patients (age <75 years) with STEMI receiving fibrinolytic therapy. Patients were randomized to ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose, 90 mg twice daily thereafter) or clopidogrel (300- to 600-mg loading dose, 75 mg daily thereafter). The key outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and the same composite outcome with the addition of severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events at 12 months.ResultsThe combined outcome of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 129 of 1,913 patients (6.7%) receiving ticagrelor and in 137 of 1,886 patients (7.3%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.18; p = 0.53). The composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events occurred in 153 of 1,913 patients (8.0%) treated with ticagrelor and in 171 of 1,886 patients (9.1%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.71 to 1.09; p = 0.25). The rates of major, fatal, and intracranial bleeding were similar between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups.ConclusionAmong patients age <75 years with STEMI, administration of ticagrelor after fibrinolytic therapy did not significantly reduce the frequency of cardiovascular events when compared with clopidogrel. (Ticagrelor in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Pharmacological Thrombolysis [TREAT]; NCT02298088)     

Disparity between recent graduates’ and experienced surgeons' assessment of time to operative independence

Background

In cardiothoracic surgery, little data exist on the transition to operative independence. We aimed to compare current perceptions of operative autonomy of junior cardiothoracic surgeons and senior colleagues who oversee transitional years.

Bypass Surgery or Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes

Background

The randomized EXCEL (Evaluation of XIENCE versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization) trial reported a similar rate of the 3-year composite primary endpoint of death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) and site-assessed low or intermediate SYNTAX scores treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Whether these results are consistent in high-risk patients with diabetes, who have fared relatively better with CABG in most prior trials, is unknown.

替格瑞洛对比氯吡格雷治疗东亚ACS患者有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的:系统性评价替格瑞洛对比氯吡格雷治疗东亚急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的有效性和安全性,旨在为临床用药提供循证参考。方法:计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、PubMed、Embase、中国知网、万方数据库等,收集替格瑞洛(试验组)对比氯吡格雷(对照组)治疗东亚ACS患者的随机对照试验(RCT)。筛选文献、提取数据后采用Cochrane系统评价员手册5.1.0推荐的偏倚风险评估工具对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.3统计软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入5项RCT,共计4511例患者。Meta分析结果显示,两组患者主要心血管不良事件发生率[OR=0.85,95%CI(0.68,1.04),P=0.12]、心血管原因死亡率[OR=0.76,95%CI(0.57,1.03),P=0.08]、脑卒中发生率[OR=0.77,95%CI(0.48,1.24),P=0.28]比较,差异均无统计学意义;试验组患者主要出血事件发生率[OR=1.54,95%CI(1.19,1.99),P=0.001]、次要出血事件发生率[OR=1.80,95%CI(1.40,2.32),P<0.00001]均显著高于对照组。结论:替格瑞洛在降低东亚ACS患者的主要心血管不良事件、心血管原因死亡以及脑卒中的发生风险等方面的作用与氯吡格雷相当,但该药会增加患者主要出血、次要出血事件的发生风险。